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What Is an NFL MVP and How Is the Award Determined

The NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual award presented to the individual who, in the view of the Associated Press (AP) electorate, had the greatest overall impact on hi...

Mara Ellison
What Is an NFL MVP and How Is the Award Determined

What the NFL MVP Is and Why It Matters

The NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual award presented to the individual who, in the view of the Associated Press (AP) electorate, had the greatest overall impact on his team’s success and on the league during the regular season. The award recognizes singular excellence in playmaking, leadership, and influence on competitive outcomes. Unlike league or conference championships, which are shared, the MVP is an individual honor that spotlights a single player’s contributions within a given season. This guide explains how the award is determined, who has won recently, and how MVP performance is evaluated in modern NFL contexts.

How the NFL MVP Is Selected

Voting Body and Process

The AP NFL MVP is chosen by a nationwide panel of sportswriters and broadcasters who regularly cover the league. Each voter submits a ballot before the Super Bowl, listing their first-, second-, and third-place choices. Points are assigned based on placement (first place = five points, second = three, third = one), and the player with the highest point total wins. Media members must be accredited by the AP and are expected to cover games in person, ensuring informed, on-the-ground perspectives influence results.

Criteria and Evaluation

Voters consider a range of factors, including statistical dominance, on-field impact, leadership, and how a player elevates teammates. Context matters: wins and losses, strength of schedule, and role within an offensive or defensive scheme are weighed. While no formal rubric is published, the award typically favors players on competitive teams who combine high-level statistics with measurable in-game influence. The MVP is not necessarily the player on the best team, but the one judged to have contributed most to that team’s achievements.

Timing and Transparency

Voting concludes shortly after the final regular-season game, and results are announced in early February. Each voter’s ballot is made public, showing their top three selections and point distribution. This transparency allows readers to assess consensus and controversy around the outcome. The ceremony is held before the Super Bowl, aligning with the league’s championship-centric media calendar.

Since the AP introduced formal voting in 1970, the award has highlighted quarterbacks and playmakers who transform games on a weekly basis. Offensive players, particularly signal-callers, have won the majority of MVP selections, reflecting the positional advantage of controlling the pace of play and directly influencing scoring opportunities. Defensive players have won less frequently, usually in seasons defined by extraordinary individual statistics or pivotal performances in close contests. Below is a snapshot of recent recipients and the seasons that defined their awards.

\n
Season Player Position Team Key Context
2023 Lamar JacksonQB BAL Won MVP in back-to-back seasons for the first time; led league in passing yards and TDs while sustaining a top-ranked offense.
2022 Patrick Mahomes QB KC Accumulated MVP-caliber stats despite limited playoff success; widely regarded as one of the most skilled passers in the league.
2021 Aaron Rodgers QB GB Posted elite quarterback rating and led an underrated Packers team to a top seed; won in a season with high offensive output league-wide.
2020 Dak Prescott QB DAL Assumed a larger leadership role midseason and guided a playoff-caliber team to relevance; recognized for clutch performances.
2019 Lamar Jackson QB BAL Combined historic rushing ability from the pocket with record-setting passing efficiency; became the first unanimous MVP winner in modern voting history.

Common Characteristics of MVP Seasons

While the award is case-by-case, certain patterns emerge among recent winners. Elite quarterbacks who achieve high passer ratings, substantial yardage, and multiple touchdowns often dominate discussions. Efficiency matters: a high touchdown-to-interception ratio strengthens a candidacy. Contextual factors such as team success, strength of schedule, and the presence of other star players are also influential. Defensive candidates typically need standout statistics—sacks, interceptions, or tackles for loss—paired with meaningful team impact to be seriously considered.

Controversies and Close Races

MVP voting occasionally sparks debate, particularly when narrative-driven choices compete with statistical outliers. Voters may reward leadership and intangibles, or prioritize raw numbers and win-loss records. Close races tend to arise when multiple players on strong teams deliver exceptional seasons. In some years, a clear frontrunner emerges well before ballots are finalized; in others, the vote reflects sharp disagreement among media members. The publication of individual ballots helps readers understand the diversity of opinion behind the outcome.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Can non-QB players win MVP? Yes. While quarterbacks have won the majority of awards since 1970, defensive players and skill-position players have won when their performances are deemed indispensable to team success.
  • Do playoff results affect MVP voting? No. The award is based solely on the regular season. The Super Bowl and postseason do not factor into MVP considerations.
  • Is there an official criteria sheet? No. The Associated Press provides guidance but leaves final interpretation to voters, which can lead to varied reasoning from year to year.
  • How transparent is the voting process? Ballots and voter rankings are released publicly after voting closes, allowing media and fans to review individual selections and rationales.

The MVP’s Role in NFL Narrative and Legacy

Beyond the trophy and recognition, the MVP designation shapes how a player is remembered. It anchors highlight reels, informs historical rankings, and influences contract discussions and Hall of Fame conversations. For teams, an MVP season can signal cultural momentum or a turning point in franchise trajectory. Because the award is tied exclusively to the regular season, it captures a moment in time rather than an entire career, making each year’s choice a snapshot of impact, context, and contemporary judgment.

How to Follow MVP Discussions and Voting

Media outlets conduct preseason and midseason mock voting, offering insight into how narratives evolve. Associated Press voters are active during the season and provide commentary that can clarify their reasoning. Fans can review ballots, read voter explanations, and compare statistical profiles to develop informed perspectives. Understanding the criteria and history of the award enriches discussions and helps separate signal from hype.

Key Takeaways

  • The NFL MVP is awarded by the Associated Press based on individual impact over the regular season.
  • Quarterbacks have won the majority of MVP awards, but players at other positions are eligible.
  • The voting process is transparent, with ballots and rankings made public after selection.
  • Context, including team success and strength of schedule, influences voter decisions.
  • The award shapes legacy conversations but is distinct from postseason success.

For players, coaches, and fans, the MVP represents both an individual achievement and a lens through which seasons are interpreted. By understanding how the award is decided and who has won in the past, observers can better evaluate performances, narratives, and the evolving profile of excellence in the NFL.

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